What is Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a medical condition wherein the thyroid glands creates insufficient quantity of thyroid hormones, specifically thyroxin and triiodiothyrorine. Thyroid hormones are very significant as they work on nearly every cell in the body, especially for metabolism requirements. Therefore individuals who have an under active thyroid tend to have a reduced activity in the several systems of the body. Several of the symptoms of hypothyroidism are fatigue, increased sensitivity to cold, goiter, low heart rate (bradycardia), depression, muscle cramps, carpal tunnel syndrome, decreased sweating, osteoporosis, and many more.

An under active thyroid can be brought on by iodine deficiency or contact with Iodine-131, a radioactive isotope of iodine that damages the thyroid. It may also be brought on by the genetic autoimmune disease Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, where the body’s immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Yet another cause is lymphocytic thyroiditis, an swelling of the thyroid gland that causes an overproduction of thyroid hormones, accompanied by a period of hypothyroidism. Additionally, medicines for hyperthyroidism can also cause hypothyroidism.

There are also many types of hypothyroidism. At times the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus is not capable of inducing the thyroid gland to make adequate thyroid hormones despite the fact that the thyroid gland itself is normal. This disorder is called secondary hypothyroidism and tertiary hypothyroidism, respectively. Meanwhile, subclinical hypothyroidism refers to the condition where there is a lowered serum TSH levels, indicating hypothyroidism, but have typical levels of thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormone deficiency can also occur during birth which is called congenital hypothyroidism. When left untreated, this may lead to growth failure and mental retardation. Hypothyroidism is also a typical ailment among domestic dogs.

The treatment for this condition is a lifelong therapy of synthetic levothyroxine (T4). It is taken in once a day dosage, though it usually requires larger doses for kids. People who have a history of heart problems and even those who are suspected of being at high risk aren't recommended for this treatment as it can certainly worsen their heart problem. The medication should be frequently monitored if the right amount of thyroid is taken. Too much thyroid medication can be be extremely harmful as it might result in heart palpitations, increased blood pressure, and can contribute to osteoporosis.

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