What Causes Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a relatively common medical condition and approximately 3% to 5% of the population have it. It is marked by a lack of thyroid hormones that could directly or indirectly include the thyroid gland. Below are a few of the principal factors behind hypothyroidism.

Among the main reason behind hypothyroidism is the genetic condition known as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. It is an autoimmune disorder wherein the immune system assaults the thyroid gland. Because of this, the thyroid gland becomes enlarged and has a decreased ability to produce thyroid hormones. Women are 5-10 times more likely to have Hashimoto’s thyroiditis than men, thus making them a lot more vunerable to hypothyroiditis.

Iodine deficiency can also lead to an under active thyroid. Iodine is an essential major component in the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine and for that reason a shortage of it in the body may cause problems in the production of these necessary hormones.

One more reason behind an under active thyroid is a condition of the thyroid glands identified as lymphocytic thyroiditis. A white blood cell called lymphocyte results in the inflammation of the thyroid glands. This is very common following having a baby, affecting 8% of women right after childbirth. The disease will be started by a hyperthyroid phase where the thyroid gland releases extreme amounts of thyroid hormones. It is accompanied by the hypothyroid period which could go on about 6 months.

Ironically, a few medical treatments may also lead to hypothyroidism. Iodine-131, a radioisotope of iodine that is employed to help remedy a thyroid condition called Graves’ disease, can severely affect the thyroid gland. Other medications that are utilized to treat hyperthyroidism might also cause hypothyroidism too like methimazole and propylthiouracil. The psychiatric drug lithium and medications containing considerable amounts of iodine like amiodarone and potassium iodide can also change the thyroid function, resulting  in the hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism that indirectly involves the thyroid glands are called secondary and tertiary hypothyroidism. This occurs when there is problem in the pituitary glands and the hypothalamus, respectively, and so they cannot signal the thyroid glands to make adequate hormones. This occurs when the pituitary glands cannot generate thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), most of the time due a tumor in the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus.

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