Hypothyroidism Disease

Hyporthyroidism is a medical problem that is characterized by insufficient output of thyroid hormones by the thyroid glands. Even though iodine deficiency could cause this disorder, more often than not it's a consequence of an underlying illness. Most of them are autoimmune diseases, where the immune system attacks the person’s own parts of the body, and in the matter of hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism is a very serious health issue since it includes other systems of the body. Here are some of the ailments that are frequently associated with hypothyroidism.

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that is indicated by hyperthyroidism, the opposite disorder of hypothyroidism, in which the thyroid glands creates too much thyroid hormones. Individuals who have Graves’ disease have a malfunctioning immune system that generates antibodies that imitate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), causing the thyroid gland to produce too much. The treatment of Graves’ disease will involve the use of antithyroid medications, iodine-131 (a radioisotope of iodine), or thyroidectomy, which essentially inhibits or fully gets rid of the thyroid gland. This in turn will result in the hypothyroid condition of those who have Graves’ disease.

An additional autoimmune disease that is related to an under active thyroid is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. It is one among the common cause of hypothyroidism in North America. In this affliction, the immune system directly attacks the thyroid gland, mistaking it as a foreign body and leading to its destruction. In this case, antibodies such as leukocytes interrupt thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin, and TSH receptors. This can lead  to the swelling and subsequently, the devastation of the thyroid gland thus creating the hypothyroid state. It's also believed that this ailment is hereditary.

Another autoimmune disease that is also associated with hypothyroidism is Addison’s disease. Addison’s disease is an endocrine disorder wherein the adrenal glands generate inadequate quantities of cortisol and aldosterone. Sometimes, this condition develops together with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. This condition is called Schmidt’s syndrome. Besides the symptoms of Addison’s disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, those who have Schmidt’s syndrome can also develop immunoglobulin A deficiency, vitiligo, sarcoidosis, type 2 diabetes, alopecia, myasthenia gravis, Graves' disease, pure red cell aplasia, or pernicious anemia.

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